Ireland’s responsibility in a time of authoritarian rule

As Ireland’s political leaders prepare to visit the United States for St. Patrick’s Day, they carry more than a diplomatic mission—they carry a moral responsibility. With authoritarianism and extremism on the rise in the U.S and globally, these visits come at a time of turbulence. Decisions made by a major global power like the US will inflict global chaos from the dismantling of aid programs to the gutting of climate commitments and the erosion of human rights. 

Taoiseach Micheál Martin (Texas and Washington DC), Tánaiste Simon Harris (Philadelphia and New York), Darragh O’Brien (Miami and Los Angeles), Peter Burke (Boston and New Hampshire), Dara Calleary (Atlanta and Savannah), Patrick O’Donovan (Seattle and San Francisco), Jennifer Carroll MacNeill (New York and Chicago), and Alan Dillon (Utah and Vancouver) will be meeting with U.S. officials from across the political spectrum.  

There are dangerous shifts taking place under the Trump administration and we must call them out. 

The moment we are now living in demands courage. The rise of authoritarianism, the scapegoating of marginalized communities, and the destruction of international norms should set off alarm bells for Ireland’s representatives. Here are five critical areas where they must take a stand.

1. Palestine – Condemn illegal occupation, aid blockades, forced displacement and champion human rights 

On 4 February 2025, President Trump, alongside Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, suggested the U.S. “take over” Gaza and forcibly relocate its over two million Palestinian residents, branding it an economic opportunity rather than acknowledging their rights. This proposal, widely condemned as ethnic cleansing, violates international law.  Trump’s plan blatantly breaches the Fourth Geneva Convention, which prohibits the forced displacement of occupied populations. His rhetoric normalizes ethnic cleansing, escalates regional instability, and disregards Palestinian rights.  

Key asks that the Irish delegation should raise: 

  • Uphold international law: Ireland calls on the U.S. to abandon any plans involving the forced displacement of Palestinians and to respect international legal frameworks that protect human rights, protect against war crimes and atrocities. 
  • Restore humanitarian aid: Urge the U.S. to reinstate funding to UNRWA to ensure the continuation of vital services that support the well-being of Palestinian refugees. 
  • Promote lasting and long-term peaceful solutions: Advocate for diplomatic efforts that engage all stakeholders in pursuing a just and lasting peace, recognizing the rights and aspirations of both Palestinians and Israelis. 

Ireland must continue to stand in solidarity with the Palestinian people and emphasizes the importance of upholding international law as the foundation for any sustainable resolution to the conflict. 

2. Climate – Challenge the US withdrawal from the Paris agreement and the dangerous plans to expand fossil fuel production 

In January 2025, President Trump withdrew the U.S. from the Paris Agreement for the second time, signing Executive Order 14162. He also established the National Energy Dominance Council to accelerate fossil fuel production, despite 2024 being the hottest year on record, surpassing the critical 1.5-degree Celsius threshold. This withdrawal undermines global climate efforts, isolating the U.S. despite its status as a top historical polluter. Expanding fossil fuel production defies scientific consensus and accelerates climate disasters, disproportionately harming vulnerable communities worldwide. 

Key asks that the Irish delegation should raise: 

  • Recommit to global climate initiatives: Ireland urges the U.S. to rejoin the Paris Agreement and collaborate with the international community to achieve the accord’s objectives. 
  • Transition to sustainable energy: Encourage the U.S. to invest in renewable energy sources and phase out reliance on fossil fuels, aligning national policies with global climate goals. 
  • Honor climate finance obligations: As a major emitter, the U.S. has a responsibility to support the Global South in their climate adaptation and mitigation efforts through financial and technical assistance. 

Ireland needs to remain steadfast in its commitment to addressing climate change and should call on the U.S. to fulfil its obligations, recognizing that collective action is essential to safeguard our planet for future generations. 

3. USAID – Stand against the dismantling of global solidarity 

Shortly after his inauguration, President Trump froze nearly all foreign aid for 90 days, halting thousands of humanitarian and development programs and leading to mass layoffs, including 2,000 USAID workers. With Elon Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) pushing to dismantle USAID, the freeze has sparked legal challenges, but many agencies have already ceased operations. As the largest foreign aid donor, the U.S. provided $72 billion in 2023. This freeze disrupts critical health, education, and food security programs, worsening conditions in fragile regions. It also strips grassroots initiatives of essential resources, while explicitly excluding gender, diversity, abortion, and transgender services, further marginalizing at-risk groups. 

Key asks that the Irish delegation should raise: 

  • Reinstate and protect foreign aid: Ireland urges the U.S. to immediately lift the aid freeze and resume funding to critical programs that support global health, education, and development. 
  • Honor international commitments: As a leading global power, the U.S. has a moral obligation to support international development and humanitarian efforts, especially given its significant influence on global stability. 

Ireland needs to remain committed to being a champion of solidarity and should continue to support global development initiatives whilst urging the U.S. to uphold its responsibilities in fostering a just and equitable world. 

4. Gender Equality – Resist regressive policies and protect hard fought rights

In his second term, President Trump has escalated attacks on gender equality, banning gender-affirming care for minors, restricting transgender participation in sports, and reinstating the Global Gag Rule to limit reproductive health access. These efforts align with a broader movement to roll back women’s and LGBTQ+ rights under the guise of opposing “gender ideology.” These policies violate human rights and reverse decades of progress. Banning gender-affirming care ignores medical guidelines and endangers transgender youth, while restricting reproductive rights increases unintended pregnancies and maternal mortality. Labelling equality efforts as “gender ideology” is a calculated move to enforce traditional norms and suppress diversity. 

214 million women of reproductive age in low-income countries aren’t having their needs met when it comes contraception, and this accounts for 84% of all unintended pregnancies. If these women had access to contraception, the number of unintended pregnancies, unplanned births and abortions would drop by nearly three quarters.    

Key asks that the Irish delegation should raise:

  •  Uphold women’s rights: Ireland calls on the U.S. to respect and protect the rights of all individuals, regardless of gender identity or sexual orientation in its foreign policy and domestically. Combat the misuse of “gender ideology” rhetoric that seeks to undermine equality and justify discrimination. 
  • Reject regressive policies and drop the Global Gag rule:  Bringing back the global gag rule means organisations that provide information about or referrals to abortion services, or do any advocacy in support of abortion access, will have their aid restricted. 

Ireland should ultimately stand in solidarity with those affected by these regressive policies and urges the U.S. to reaffirm its commitment to gender equality and human rights. 

5. Ukraine – Counter misinformation and support sovereignty 

President Trump’s recent mischaracterizations of the Ukraine conflict—falsely accusing Ukraine of initiating war and labelling President Volodymyr Zelenskyy a “dictator”—not only distort historical facts but also undermine international support for Ukraine’s sovereignty. Such narratives disregard the immense suffering endured by the Ukrainian people. The conflict, now in its third year, has resulted in over 12,000 civilian deaths and displaced more than 10 million individuals, creating Europe’s largest displacement crisis since World War II. 

Key message: 

  • Reaffirm Ukraine’s sovereignty: Ireland stands firmly with Ukraine, supporting its sovereignty and territorial integrity. 
  • Condemn misinformation: It is imperative to challenge and correct false narratives that distort the reality of Russia’s aggression and Ukraine’s right to self-defence. 
  • Support democratic leadership: Recognize and uphold the legitimacy of Ukraine’s democratically elected government, rejecting unfounded claims that undermine its authority. 

Ireland must be a voice for international law

Each of the officials traveling to the U.S. must make it clear that Ireland stands for international law. They must challenge those who pander to authoritarianism inside the Trump administration and confront a complacent opposition. 

Ireland has always been a voice of principle and for human rights on the world stage. Now is the time to raise that voice louder than ever. 

Read more about our work here.

Protesters holding End Fossil Fuels banner at a climate demonstration, advocating for renewable energy solutions.

Protestors at COP 28 in Dubai. Photo: Konrad Skotnicki.

Climate protest with diverse crowd holding signs about environmental action in a city square.

Belfast Climate Change March, 2019. Photo: Trócaire.

The Profit Driving the Crisis

Despite their overwhelming contribution to global emissions, fossil fuel companies continue to attract significant financial backing—driven by their enduring profitability. This is starkly illustrated by the case of ExxonMobil, the top fossil fuel investment held by asset managers based in Ireland. In 2023, ExxonMobil reported €33.63 billion ($36 billion) in profit. That is almost twice the GDP of Botswana (€18.1 billion) and nearly three times Namibia’s GDP (€11.5 billion).

Ireland plays a hugely disproportionate role in facilitating investments into fossil fuel companies like ExxonMobil. In 2023, the investments made into fossil fuel companies by investment managers based in Ireland generated an estimated 72.5 million tons of CO2e. This is more than the CO2e emissions for the entire country of Ireland—and more than ten times that generated by Sierra Leone.

The Global Human Impact

The climate crisis is here, now, and it is causing disproportionate harm in the Global South. In Bangladesh, rising sea levels and increasingly severe cyclones are displacing coastal communities, with projections indicating that 17% of the entire country could be underwater by 2050. The legally binding Paris Agreement on climate change explicitly acknowledges the importance of tackling private finance. Its three overarching goals are: keeping below 1.5C of warming; increasing adaptation and making finance flows consistent with low emissions and resilience.

This gives a clear mandate for action:  both tax reform and corporate regulation are needed to tackle financial flows, and both nationally in Ireland and at EU level, ‘polluter pays’ taxes are lacking and regulation of the financial sector remains weak and fragmented. While EU regulation exists, it is designed more to nudge investors toward more sustainable investment practices by increasing transparency and reporting levels than to enforce strict standards. And it is moving in the wrong direction: the recently passed EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive excluded investments; and now the EU Commission’s Omnibus legislative proposal threatens to undo the limited gains made on climate plans, as well as blocking future attempts for stronger action at national level.

The Risk of Inaction

Fossil fuel investment is too profitable to remain weakly regulated. If Ireland continues with its current strategy of encouraging FDI at all costs, and relying on weak EU regulation, we are headed for catastrophe. The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change has repeatedly warned that every fraction of a degree beyond 1.5°C brings irreversible consequences: collapsed ice sheets, vanishing coral reefs, and extreme weather events that will make vast regions of the planet uninhabitable. And yet, companies are developing oil and gas fields that could push global warming beyond 2°C.

Our research found that 91% of the investments made into fossil fuel companies by investment managers based in Ireland were to companies that have plans for fossil fuel expansion like these. Ireland cannot afford inaction on this issue.

About This Research

The figures in this report regarding investment from Ireland are based on new research commissioned by ActionAid Ireland and Trócaire. In the paper, we uncover the scale of fossil fuel investment through Ireland, who the investors are, and in which fossil fuel companies they are investing.  We analyse the current regulatory framework and explain why it is inadequate—and moving in the wrong direction. And we make specific recommendations for change, which are summarised below.

Summary of Recommendations

Regulate the private financial sector
Ireland must end its outsized role as an enabler of destructive fossil fuel investment. Ireland should introduce a strong gender-responsive national human rights and environmental due diligence framework which includes the regulation of investors with respect to human rights and the environment and climate. The transposition of the EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive could achieve this if downstream activities are included and the Omnibus proposal is rejected. Ireland should prohibit investments in fossil fuel expansion and require investors to implement climate transition plans consistent with a 1.5°C climate limit.

Endorse the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty
Ireland should endorse developing a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty to curb fossil fuel expansion and commit to a fair and funded phase out of fossil fuels.

Support tax justice
Ireland should support bold and fair new global tax rules through the UN Framework Convention on Tax, should adopt all OECD BEPS measures, and should conduct an updated and comprehensive spillover analysis of its tax policy. Ireland should take coordinated action globally, at the EU level and domestically to introduce a range of new taxes to mobilise finance needed for climate justice, based on ‘polluter pays’ and social equity principles such as wealth taxes for the highest earners, climate damages tax on investors, fossil fuel production taxes and levies on aviation and shipping.

Finance a just transition
Ireland must also meet its fair share climate finance obligations under Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement, and pay our ecological debt to the Global South. Ireland should support conditionality-free debt cancellation for countries on the front lines of the climate crisis, commit to a new UN Framework Convention on Sovereign Debt, moving debt negotiations from the IMF to the UN, and to a debt workout mechanism that is fully representative and fair.

Further reading