Learning More About Behaviour Change

At ActionAid Ireland we are currently working in collaboration with our colleagues in Kenya, Nepal and Ethiopia to tackle women’s rights issues. This programme, funded by Irish Aid, is now in its third year. We are focusing on gender-based violence issues. And we have two key aims:

  • Making communities safer for women and girls.
  • Making women more economically secure.

To tackle these issues, we are implementing a behaviour change technique developed by the University College London (UCL) Centre for behaviour change.

Behaviour Change Workshop in Dublin

On the 10th -14th June our international teams gathered in Dublin for a week of learning and reflection. Together, we reflected on the lessons from implementing the programme in 2018. We discussed the challenges of adaptive programming. We learned how to better work with men. And we delved deeper into the behaviour change process.

Sharing Best Practice on Women’s Rights

Day one and two saw the team share the challenges and the best practices within the Women Rights Programme. And so, we highlighted how its design as an adaptive programme is enabling the teams in the field to design interventions based on their local context. As a result in some instances after monitoring progress, we re-target who to work with for better results. While the programme is not yet fully adaptive, cases of adjustments have been reported. For example, in Ethiopia and Nepal, working with girls to address child marriage, was not bearing as much fruits as expected. This forced the team to identify and work with the girls’ and boys’ parents also.

Learning From Others

On day three, the Men’s Development Network provided an in-depth way of working with men. As a result, we learned how to drive maximum benefit from working with men to get better results for women’s safety and economic empowerment. One way highlighted was looking at the good in the men, without constantly portraying the men as villains. As well as understanding the societal pressure on men. As is often said, knowledge is power. Therefore knowing/better understanding men, is a plus for our programme to better engage them. After all, we need all stakeholders/players on board to effectively address violence against women and girls.

Later in the week the teams from Ireland, Kenya, Ethiopia and Nepal took part in a workshop with Dr Paul Chadwick from UCL to discuss how the behaviour change method was being implemented in the programme countries. This was a valuable session allowing the teams to learn from each other. Our colleagues were able to discuss exactly what behaviours they were interested in targeting in the future. We looked at how best to intervene to change behaviours. And who in the community to work with. The team also briefly touched on how to document progress, with the need to refine the programme monitoring framework in order to provide a guide for tracking change and recording progress.

Of course, no learning week would be complete without a bit of team building! The ActionAid team battled it out to see which group could build the tallest structure from Marshmallow and Noodles!

Photo caption for heading image: The programme team from Ethiopia, Kenya, Nepal and Ireland photographed during the programme workshop in Dublin. Photo by ActionAid. 

Protesters holding End Fossil Fuels banner at a climate demonstration, advocating for renewable energy solutions.

Protestors at COP 28 in Dubai. Photo: Konrad Skotnicki.

Climate protest with diverse crowd holding signs about environmental action in a city square.

Belfast Climate Change March, 2019. Photo: Trócaire.

The Profit Driving the Crisis

Despite their overwhelming contribution to global emissions, fossil fuel companies continue to attract significant financial backing—driven by their enduring profitability. This is starkly illustrated by the case of ExxonMobil, the top fossil fuel investment held by asset managers based in Ireland. In 2023, ExxonMobil reported €33.63 billion ($36 billion) in profit. That is almost twice the GDP of Botswana (€18.1 billion) and nearly three times Namibia’s GDP (€11.5 billion).

Ireland plays a hugely disproportionate role in facilitating investments into fossil fuel companies like ExxonMobil. In 2023, the investments made into fossil fuel companies by investment managers based in Ireland generated an estimated 72.5 million tons of CO2e. This is more than the CO2e emissions for the entire country of Ireland—and more than ten times that generated by Sierra Leone.

The Global Human Impact

The climate crisis is here, now, and it is causing disproportionate harm in the Global South. In Bangladesh, rising sea levels and increasingly severe cyclones are displacing coastal communities, with projections indicating that 17% of the entire country could be underwater by 2050. The legally binding Paris Agreement on climate change explicitly acknowledges the importance of tackling private finance. Its three overarching goals are: keeping below 1.5C of warming; increasing adaptation and making finance flows consistent with low emissions and resilience.

This gives a clear mandate for action:  both tax reform and corporate regulation are needed to tackle financial flows, and both nationally in Ireland and at EU level, ‘polluter pays’ taxes are lacking and regulation of the financial sector remains weak and fragmented. While EU regulation exists, it is designed more to nudge investors toward more sustainable investment practices by increasing transparency and reporting levels than to enforce strict standards. And it is moving in the wrong direction: the recently passed EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive excluded investments; and now the EU Commission’s Omnibus legislative proposal threatens to undo the limited gains made on climate plans, as well as blocking future attempts for stronger action at national level.

The Risk of Inaction

Fossil fuel investment is too profitable to remain weakly regulated. If Ireland continues with its current strategy of encouraging FDI at all costs, and relying on weak EU regulation, we are headed for catastrophe. The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change has repeatedly warned that every fraction of a degree beyond 1.5°C brings irreversible consequences: collapsed ice sheets, vanishing coral reefs, and extreme weather events that will make vast regions of the planet uninhabitable. And yet, companies are developing oil and gas fields that could push global warming beyond 2°C.

Our research found that 91% of the investments made into fossil fuel companies by investment managers based in Ireland were to companies that have plans for fossil fuel expansion like these. Ireland cannot afford inaction on this issue.

About This Research

The figures in this report regarding investment from Ireland are based on new research commissioned by ActionAid Ireland and Trócaire. In the paper, we uncover the scale of fossil fuel investment through Ireland, who the investors are, and in which fossil fuel companies they are investing.  We analyse the current regulatory framework and explain why it is inadequate—and moving in the wrong direction. And we make specific recommendations for change, which are summarised below.

Summary of Recommendations

Regulate the private financial sector
Ireland must end its outsized role as an enabler of destructive fossil fuel investment. Ireland should introduce a strong gender-responsive national human rights and environmental due diligence framework which includes the regulation of investors with respect to human rights and the environment and climate. The transposition of the EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive could achieve this if downstream activities are included and the Omnibus proposal is rejected. Ireland should prohibit investments in fossil fuel expansion and require investors to implement climate transition plans consistent with a 1.5°C climate limit.

Endorse the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty
Ireland should endorse developing a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty to curb fossil fuel expansion and commit to a fair and funded phase out of fossil fuels.

Support tax justice
Ireland should support bold and fair new global tax rules through the UN Framework Convention on Tax, should adopt all OECD BEPS measures, and should conduct an updated and comprehensive spillover analysis of its tax policy. Ireland should take coordinated action globally, at the EU level and domestically to introduce a range of new taxes to mobilise finance needed for climate justice, based on ‘polluter pays’ and social equity principles such as wealth taxes for the highest earners, climate damages tax on investors, fossil fuel production taxes and levies on aviation and shipping.

Finance a just transition
Ireland must also meet its fair share climate finance obligations under Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement, and pay our ecological debt to the Global South. Ireland should support conditionality-free debt cancellation for countries on the front lines of the climate crisis, commit to a new UN Framework Convention on Sovereign Debt, moving debt negotiations from the IMF to the UN, and to a debt workout mechanism that is fully representative and fair.

Further reading